![]() Nevertheless, large-scale clinical trials and evaluation of long-term effects are necessary in further studies. The results of current clinical studies support MSCs as a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of lung diseases. Moreover, the sources and therapeutic potential of MSCs are also summarized. We systematically summarized completed and ongoing clinical trials worldwide of pulmonary diseases, including acute/viral pulmonary disease, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), interstitial lung diseases (ILD), chronic pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and lung cancer. To globally analyze clinical trials for MSC-based therapy of pulmonary diseases, a comprehensive search of the database from 1990 to January 19, 2021, was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. These findings have paved the way for the development of clinical protocols and thereby provide off-the-shelf therapy. Upon administration by the intravenous route, the cells travel directly to the lungs, where the majority are sequestered, a great benefit for the treatment of pulmonary disease. These cells have multiple potential advantages, including superior proliferation ability, lower immunogenicity, multidifferentiation potential, large-scale supply, and minimal ethical issues. MSCs can be induced into proinflammatory MSC type 1 (MSC1) or anti-inflammatory MSC type 2 (MSC2) responding to different immune environments. Autologous or allogeneic-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are easier to obtain from multiple biological tissues, including bone marrow (BM), neonatal tissues, and adipose tissues. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy is one of the most cutting-edge and popular directions in medical research today. Thus, a new therapeutic strategy is desperately needed. However, there is a severe shortage of suitable donor lungs, and transplantation itself is associated with the potential for serious risks due to the need for lifelong immunosuppression, resulting in a high posttransplant mortality rate. Lung transplantation has evolved to represent the last option for many patients with end-stage lung diseases. While these diverse conditions require different specific therapeutic approaches (e.g., antimicrobial medications, inhaled corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory drugs, antifibrotic drugs, specific cytokine inhibitors, bronchodilators, respiratory support, mechanical ventilation, and restricted fluid input), persistent alleviation of clinical symptoms cannot be offered to most patients affected to date. Acute and chronic lung diseases have high morbidity and mortality. Lung diseases across all ages have become one of the major public health issues worldwide with increased human activities, environmental changes, indoor and outdoor air pollution, long-term smoking, occupational exposures, and various pathogens. ![]() The results of recent clinical studies suggest that MSCs are a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of lung diseases. In particular, a total of 110 MSC-based clinical applications, either completed clinical trials with safety and early efficacy results reported or ongoing worldwide clinical trials of pulmonary diseases, are systematically summarized following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, including acute/viral pulmonary disease, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), interstitial lung diseases (ILD), chronic pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and lung cancer. This review covers the sources and therapeutic potential of MSCs. It offers a novel and promising therapeutic option for various acute and chronic lung diseases due to its potent and broad-ranging immunomodulatory activities, bacterial clearance, tissue regeneration, and proangiogenic and antifibrotic properties, which rely on both cell-to-cell contact and paracrine mechanisms. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy is one of the cutting-edge topics in medical research today. For many disease conditions, no effective and curative treatment options are available. Lung disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and death worldwide. Select the file that you have just downloaded and select import option Reference Manager (RIS). Clinical applications of mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies for pulmonary diseases: An Update and Concise Review. Chen X, Wang F, Huang Z, Wu Y, Geng J, Wang Y.
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